El Infierno de la Modernidad – Profe Bernardo<\/title>\n <style>\n @import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Bangers&family=Permanent+Marker&family=Comic+Neue:wght@400;700&display=swap');\n\n :root {\n --modern-red: #d90429;\n --modern-blue: #003049;\n --modern-gold: #fcbf49;\n --modern-dark: #1a1a1a;\n --comic-paper: #f8f9fa;\n }\n\n body {\n font-family: 'Comic Neue', cursive, sans-serif;\n background-color: #222;\n background-image: \n radial-gradient(circle, #333 10%, transparent 10%),\n radial-gradient(circle, #333 10%, transparent 10%);\n background-size: 15px 15px;\n background-position: 0 0, 7.5px 7.5px;\n color: var(--modern-dark);\n margin: 0;\n padding: 20px;\n }\n\n .header-comic {\n text-align: center;\n background: var(--modern-red);\n color: white;\n padding: 30px;\n border: 8px solid white;\n box-shadow: 12px 12px 0px var(--modern-blue);\n margin-bottom: 50px;\n transform: rotate(-1deg);\n }\n\n .header-comic h1 {\n font-family: 'Bangers', cursive;\n font-size: 4rem;\n margin: 0;\n text-shadow: 4px 4px 0px var(--modern-dark);\n letter-spacing: 3px;\n }\n\n .virgilio-card {\n background: var(--modern-gold);\n border: 6px solid var(--modern-dark);\n padding: 25px;\n max-width: 900px;\n margin: 0 auto 40px auto;\n box-shadow: 10px 10px 0px white;\n font-weight: bold;\n position: relative;\n }\n\n .virgilio-card::before {\n content: \"GU\u00cdA\";\n position: absolute;\n top: -20px;\n left: 20px;\n background: var(--modern-dark);\n color: white;\n padding: 5px 15px;\n font-family: 'Permanent Marker';\n }\n\n .circles-grid {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));\n gap: 30px;\n max-width: 1200px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n }\n\n .circle-panel {\n background: white;\n border: 5px solid var(--modern-dark);\n box-shadow: 8px 8px 0px var(--modern-red);\n padding: 20px;\n cursor: pointer;\n transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275);\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n align-items: center;\n position: relative;\n }\n\n .circle-panel:hover {\n transform: scale(1.05) rotate(1deg);\n box-shadow: 15px 15px 0px var(--modern-gold);\n z-index: 10;\n }\n\n .panel-badge {\n position: absolute;\n top: -10px;\n right: -10px;\n background: var(--modern-blue);\n color: white;\n font-family: 'Bangers';\n padding: 5px 15px;\n border: 3px solid white;\n transform: rotate(5deg);\n z-index: 5;\n }\n\n \/* MAGIA CSS: CONTENEDOR DE C\u00d3MIC CON PUNTOS DE IMPRESI\u00d3N *\/\n .comic-avatar-wrapper {\n position: relative;\n width: 180px;\n height: 180px;\n border: 5px solid var(--modern-dark);\n margin-bottom: 15px;\n box-shadow: 5px 5px 0px var(--modern-dark);\n background-color: var(--modern-gold);\n overflow: hidden;\n transform: rotate(-2deg);\n }\n\n .author-avatar {\n width: 100%;\n height: 100%;\n object-fit: cover;\n \/* Filtro de alto contraste y pocos colores para simular dibujo *\/\n filter: contrast(250%) saturate(150%) posterize(4) sepia(30%);\n mix-blend-mode: hard-light;\n }\n\n \/* M\u00e1scara de puntos (Halftone) sobre la imagen *\/\n .comic-avatar-wrapper::after {\n content: '';\n position: absolute;\n top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;\n background-image: \n radial-gradient(circle, #000 20%, transparent 21%),\n radial-gradient(circle, #000 20%, transparent 21%);\n background-size: 8px 8px;\n background-position: 0 0, 4px 4px;\n opacity: 0.35; \n pointer-events: none;\n mix-blend-mode: overlay;\n }\n\n \/* Fin de la magia CSS *\/\n\n .author-name {\n font-family: 'Bangers', cursive;\n font-size: 2.2rem;\n margin: 10px 0;\n color: var(--modern-red);\n text-align: center;\n }\n\n .problem-tag {\n background: #eee;\n padding: 4px 8px;\n font-size: 0.85rem;\n border: 1px solid #ccc;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n font-weight: bold;\n text-align: center;\n }\n\n .modal-overlay {\n display: none;\n position: fixed;\n top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;\n background: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);\n z-index: 2000;\n justify-content: center;\n align-items: center;\n padding: 20px;\n }\n\n .modal-body {\n background: white;\n border: 10px solid var(--modern-dark);\n max-width: 850px;\n width: 100%;\n padding: 40px;\n position: relative;\n max-height: 90vh;\n overflow-y: auto;\n box-shadow: 20px 20px 0px var(--modern-red);\n background-image: radial-gradient(#e6e6e6 15%, transparent 16%);\n background-size: 15px 15px;\n }\n\n .close-comic {\n position: absolute;\n top: 10px; right: 10px;\n background: var(--modern-dark);\n color: white;\n width: 40px; height: 40px;\n border-radius: 50%;\n display: flex;\n justify-content: center;\n align-items: center;\n font-family: 'Bangers';\n cursor: pointer;\n font-size: 1.5rem;\n }\n\n .speech-bubble {\n background: #fff;\n border: 4px solid #000;\n border-radius: 30px;\n padding: 20px;\n position: relative;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n font-style: italic;\n font-size: 1.3rem;\n line-height: 1.2;\n box-shadow: 5px 5px 0px var(--modern-gold);\n }\n\n .speech-bubble::after {\n content: '';\n position: absolute;\n bottom: -20px;\n left: 50px;\n border-width: 20px 20px 0 0;\n border-style: solid;\n border-color: #000 transparent transparent transparent;\n }\n\n .links-bar {\n display: flex;\n gap: 10px;\n margin-top: 20px;\n border-top: 4px solid var(--modern-dark);\n padding-top: 20px;\n }\n\n .btn-comic {\n flex: 1;\n background: var(--modern-blue);\n color: white;\n text-align: center;\n padding: 12px;\n text-decoration: none;\n font-family: 'Bangers';\n font-size: 1.2rem;\n border: 3px solid var(--modern-dark);\n text-transform: uppercase;\n }\n\n .btn-comic:hover {\n background: var(--modern-gold);\n color: var(--modern-dark);\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n <div class=\"header-comic\">\n <h1>INFERNO MODERNO<\/h1>\n <h2 style=\"font-family: 'Permanent Marker'; color: var(--modern-gold); font-size: 1.8rem;\">G\u00e9nesis y Soluciones de la Raz\u00f3n<\/h2>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"virgilio-card\">\n <h3>\ud83d\udcd6 GU\u00cdA: Jos\u00e9 Ferrater Mora (El Diccionario)<\/h3>\n <p>\u00abEntrad, buscadores de la Verdad. En este Diccionario he registrado el nacimiento de la Modernidad: ese momento donde la ‘Sustancia’ dej\u00f3 de ser un dogma divino para convertirse en un problema de la Raz\u00f3n. Desde el telescopio de Galileo hasta la Dial\u00e9ctica de Hegel, aqu\u00ed ver\u00e9is c\u00f3mo el esp\u00edritu humano intent\u00f3 resolver el caos tras la ca\u00edda de la Escol\u00e1stica. \u00a1Cuidado con el Escepticismo, es el pantano donde muchos se hunden!\u00bb<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"circles-grid\" id=\"main-grid-mod\"><\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"modal-overlay\" id=\"modal-mod\">\n <div class=\"modal-body\">\n <div class=\"close-comic\" onclick=\"closeModalMod()\">X<\/div>\n <div style=\"display: flex; gap: 20px; align-items: start; flex-wrap: wrap;\">\n \n \n <div class=\"comic-avatar-wrapper\" style=\"width: 220px; height: 220px; transform: rotate(0deg);\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" id=\"mm-img\" src=\"\" class=\"author-avatar\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" style=\"margin:0; border:none; box-shadow:none;\">\n <\/div>\n\n <div style=\"flex: 1; min-width: 300px; background: white; padding: 15px; border: 3px solid black;\">\n <h2 id=\"mm-title\" class=\"author-name\" style=\"text-align: left; margin-top: 0; font-size: 3rem;\"><\/h2>\n <h4 id=\"mm-circle\" style=\"color: var(--modern-blue); font-family: 'Permanent Marker'; font-size: 1.5rem; margin: 0 0 15px 0;\"><\/h4>\n <div class=\"speech-bubble\" id=\"mm-speech\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div id=\"mm-content\" style=\"margin-top: 20px; font-size: 1.2rem; border-top: 4px dashed #000; padding-top: 20px; font-weight: bold; background: white; padding: 20px; border: 3px solid black;\"><\/div>\n <div class=\"links-bar\">\n <a id=\"mm-wiki\" href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"btn-comic\">\ud83d\udcd6 WIKIPEDIA<\/a>\n <a id=\"mm-source\" href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"btn-comic\">\ud83c\udf93 ACADEMIA \/ ATENAS<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <script>\n const circlesMod = [\n {\n num: \"I\",\n name: \"Galileo Galilei\",\n circle: \"C\u00edrculo 1: El G\u00e9nesis Cient\u00edfico\",\n img: \"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d4\/Justus_Sustermans_-_Portrait_of_Galileo_Galilei%2C_1636.jpg\",\n speech: \"\u00a1Eppur si muove! La naturaleza est\u00e1 escrita en lenguaje matem\u00e1tico. El problema no es la fe, es la medida.\",\n problem: \"Crisis del Geocentrismo\",\n solution: \"M\u00e9todo Experimental \/ Telescopio\",\n desc: \"Galileo rompe el cristal de las esferas celestes. Seg\u00fan Ferrater Mora, aqu\u00ed nace la 'Ciencia Moderna' al separar las cualidades primarias (matematizables) de las secundarias.\",\n wiki: \"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galileo_Galilei\",\n source: \"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/atenas\/\"\n },\n {\n num: \"II\",\n name: \"Ren\u00e9 Descartes\",\n circle: \"C\u00edrculo 2: El Abismo de la Duda\",\n img: \"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/73\/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg\",\n speech: \"Dudo de todo para encontrar lo indudable. Cogito ergo sum. Soy una cosa que piensa.\",\n problem: \"Incerteza radical \/ Genio Maligno\",\n solution: \"El M\u00e9todo Racionalista \/ El Sujeto\",\n desc: \"Descartes funda el 'Yo' moderno. Ferrater Mora destaca su concepto de 'Sustancia' (Extensa y Pensante), resolviendo el caos medieval con la claridad y distinci\u00f3n.\",\n wiki: \"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes\",\n source: \"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/descartes\/\"\n },\n {\n num: \"III\",\n name: \"Baruch Spinoza\",\n circle: \"C\u00edrculo 3: La Sustancia \u00danica\",\n img: \"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/ea\/Spinoza.jpg\",\n speech: \"Deus sive Natura. No hay dos mundos, solo una Sustancia con infinitos atributos.\",\n problem: \"Dualismo mente-cuerpo\",\n solution: \"Monismo \/ Geometr\u00eda de los afectos\",\n desc: \"Spinoza resuelve el abismo de Descartes unificando a Dios con la Naturaleza. Un sistema determinista donde la libertad es comprender la necesidad.\",\n wiki: \"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baruch_Spinoza\",\n source: \"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/spinoza\/\"\n },\n {\n num: \"IV\",\n name: \"G. W. Leibniz\",\n circle: \"C\u00edrculo 4: Las M\u00f3nadas\",\n img: \"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6a\/Gottfried_Wilhelm_von_Leibniz.jpg\",\n speech: \"Vivimos en el mejor de los mundos posibles. Cada m\u00f3nada refleja el universo entero.\",\n problem: \"Composici\u00f3n de la materia \/ Armon\u00eda\",\n solution: \"C\u00e1lculo Infinitesimal \/ L\u00f3gica Combinatoria\",\n desc: \"El genio que invent\u00f3 el c\u00e1lculo. Su soluci\u00f3n al problema de la sustancia son \u00e1tomos espirituales sin ventanas, coordinados por Dios.\",\n wiki: \"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gottfried_Leibniz\",\n source: \"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/atenas\/\"\n },\n {\n num: \"V\",\n name: \"John Locke\",\n circle: \"C\u00edrculo 5: La Tabula Rasa\",\n img: \"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d1\/JohnLocke.png\",\n speech: \"Nada hay en el intelecto que no haya pasado antes por los sentidos. Somos una pizarra en blanco.\",\n problem: \"Origen de las ideas \/ Innatismo\",\n solution: \"Empirismo \/ Tolerancia Pol\u00edtica\",\n desc: \"Locke baja la filosof\u00eda a la tierra. Su soluci\u00f3n al conocimiento es la experiencia acumulada. Ferrater Mora lo cita como base del liberalismo moderno.\",\n wiki: \"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Locke\",\n source: \"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/locke\/\"\n },\n {\n num: \"VI\",\n name: \"David Hume\",\n circle: \"C\u00edrculo 6: El Pantano Esc\u00e9ptico\",\n img: \"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/ea\/David_Hume.jpg\",\n speech: \"La causalidad es solo un h\u00e1bito de la mente. No podemos conocer la sustancia.\",\n problem: \"Inducci\u00f3n \/ Metaf\u00edsica vac\u00eda\",\n solution: \"Escepticismo Mitigado \/ Naturalismo\",\n desc: \"El 'despertador' de Kant. Hume destruye la seguridad racionalista demostrando que nuestras verdades son solo creencias basadas en la costumbre.\",\n wiki: \"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Hume\",\n source: \"https:\/\/www.humesociety.org\/\"\n },\n {\n num: \"VII\",\n name: \"Immanuel Kant\",\n circle: \"C\u00edrculo 7: El Giro Copernicano\",\n img: \"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/43\/Immanuel_Kant_%28painted_portrait%29.jpg\",\n speech: \"El sujeto no se adapta al objeto, el objeto se adapta a las estructuras de mi mente.\",\n problem: \"Conflicto Empirismo vs Racionalismo\",\n solution: \"Idealismo Trascendental \/ Imperativo Categ\u00f3rico\",\n desc: \"La cumbre de la Modernidad. Kant sintetiza ciencia y \u00e9tica. Su soluci\u00f3n: no conocemos la 'cosa en s\u00ed' (no\u00fameno), pero s\u00ed el fen\u00f3meno ordenado por nosotros.\",\n wiki: \"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Immanuel_Kant\",\n source: \"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/atenas\/\"\n },\n {\n num: \"VIII\",\n name: \"G. W. F. Hegel\",\n circle: \"C\u00edrculo 8: La Dial\u00e9ctica\",\n img: \"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/08\/Hegel_by_Schlesinger_1831.jpg\",\n speech: \"Todo lo real es racional. El Esp\u00edritu se despliega a trav\u00e9s de la historia y sus contradicciones.\",\n problem: \"Divisi\u00f3n sujeto-objeto \/ Historia\",\n solution: \"Sistema Absoluto \/ Tesis-Ant\u00edtesis-S\u00edntesis\",\n desc: \"La filosof\u00eda se vuelve Historia. Hegel intenta cerrar el c\u00edrculo moderno integrando todas las contradicciones en un Esp\u00edritu Absoluto.\",\n wiki: \"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel\",\n source: \"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/hegel\/\"\n },\n {\n num: \"IX\",\n name: \"Karl Marx\",\n circle: \"C\u00edrculo 9: La Transformaci\u00f3n\",\n img: \"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d4\/Karl_Marx_001.jpg\",\n speech: \"Los fil\u00f3sofos han interpretado el mundo; se trata de transformarlo. La ciencia es praxis.\",\n problem: \"Alienaci\u00f3n \/ Lucha de Clases\",\n solution: \"Materialismo Hist\u00f3rico \/ Socialismo Cient\u00edfico\",\n desc: \"El fin de la Modernidad cl\u00e1sica. Marx une la econom\u00eda pol\u00edtica (ciencia) con la dial\u00e9ctica para proponer una soluci\u00f3n material al sufrimiento humano.\",\n wiki: \"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karl_Marx\",\n source: \"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/espanol\/\"\n }\n ];\n\n const gridMod = document.getElementById('main-grid-mod');\n const modalMod = document.getElementById('modal-mod');\n\n circlesMod.forEach((c, index) => {\n const panel = document.createElement('div');\n panel.className = 'circle-panel';\n panel.onclick = () => openModalMod(index);\n \n const fallbackAvatar = `https:\/\/ui-avatars.com\/api\/?name=${encodeURIComponent(c.name)}&background=fcbf49&color=1a1a1a&size=180&font-size=0.4&bold=true`;\n \n panel.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"panel-badge\">${c.num}<\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"comic-avatar-wrapper\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"${c.img}\" class=\"author-avatar\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" alt=\"${c.name}\" onerror=\"this.src='${fallbackAvatar}'\">\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"author-name\">${c.name}<\/div>\n <div class=\"problem-tag\">PROBLEMA: ${c.problem}<\/div>\n <div style=\"margin-top: 15px; font-weight: bold; color: var(--modern-red); background: var(--modern-gold); padding: 5px 10px; border: 2px solid black;\">\u00a1VER SOLUCI\u00d3N! \ud83d\uddef\ufe0f<\/div>\n `;\n gridMod.appendChild(panel);\n });\n\n function openModalMod(i) {\n const c = circlesMod[i];\n document.getElementById('mm-title').innerText = c.name;\n document.getElementById('mm-circle').innerText = c.circle;\n \n const fallbackAvatar = `https:\/\/ui-avatars.com\/api\/?name=${encodeURIComponent(c.name)}&background=fcbf49&color=1a1a1a&size=250&font-size=0.4&bold=true`;\n const imgEl = document.getElementById('mm-img');\n imgEl.src = c.img;\n imgEl.onerror = function() { this.src = fallbackAvatar; };\n \n document.getElementById('mm-speech').innerText = c.speech;\n document.getElementById('mm-content').innerHTML = `\n <p style=\"color: var(--modern-blue);\"><strong>CONTEXTO CIENT\u00cdFICO-FILOS\u00d3FICO:<\/strong> <span style=\"color: black; font-weight: normal;\">${c.desc}<\/span><\/p>\n <p style=\"color: var(--modern-red);\"><strong>G\u00c9NESIS DEL PROBLEMA:<\/strong> <span style=\"color: black; font-weight: normal;\">${c.problem}<\/span><\/p>\n <p style=\"color: green;\"><strong>SOLUCI\u00d3N PROPUESTA:<\/strong> <span style=\"color: black; font-weight: normal;\">${c.solution}<\/span><\/p>\n `;\n document.getElementById('mm-wiki').href = c.wiki;\n document.getElementById('mm-source').href = c.source;\n modalMod.style.display = 'flex';\n }\n\n function closeModalMod() { modalMod.style.display = 'none'; }\n window.addEventListener('click', function(e) { if(e.target == modalMod) closeModalMod(); });\n <\/script>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El Infierno de la Modernidad – Profe Bernardo INFERNO MODERNO G\u00e9nesis y Soluciones de la Raz\u00f3n \ud83d\udcd6 GU\u00cdA: Jos\u00e9 Ferrater Mora (El Diccionario) \u00abEntrad, buscadores de la Verdad. En este Diccionario he registrado el nacimiento de la Modernidad: ese momento donde la ‘Sustancia’ dej\u00f3 de ser un dogma divino para convertirse en un problema de la Raz\u00f3n. Desde el telescopio […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":527,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-806","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/806","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=806"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/806\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":811,"href":"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/806\/revisions\/811"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/527"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=806"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

{"id":806,"date":"2026-05-04T05:13:20","date_gmt":"2026-05-04T05:13:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/?page_id=806"},"modified":"2026-07-07T20:56:29","modified_gmt":"2026-07-07T20:56:29","slug":"inferno-moderno","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/?page_id=806","title":{"rendered":"Inferno moderno"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n \n \n El Infierno de la Modernidad – Profe Bernardo<\/title>\n <style>\n @import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Bangers&family=Permanent+Marker&family=Comic+Neue:wght@400;700&display=swap');\n\n :root {\n --modern-red: #d90429;\n --modern-blue: #003049;\n --modern-gold: #fcbf49;\n --modern-dark: #1a1a1a;\n --comic-paper: #f8f9fa;\n }\n\n body {\n font-family: 'Comic Neue', cursive, sans-serif;\n background-color: #222;\n background-image: \n radial-gradient(circle, #333 10%, transparent 10%),\n radial-gradient(circle, #333 10%, transparent 10%);\n background-size: 15px 15px;\n background-position: 0 0, 7.5px 7.5px;\n color: var(--modern-dark);\n margin: 0;\n padding: 20px;\n }\n\n .header-comic {\n text-align: center;\n background: var(--modern-red);\n color: white;\n padding: 30px;\n border: 8px solid white;\n box-shadow: 12px 12px 0px var(--modern-blue);\n margin-bottom: 50px;\n transform: rotate(-1deg);\n }\n\n .header-comic h1 {\n font-family: 'Bangers', cursive;\n font-size: 4rem;\n margin: 0;\n text-shadow: 4px 4px 0px var(--modern-dark);\n letter-spacing: 3px;\n }\n\n .virgilio-card {\n background: var(--modern-gold);\n border: 6px solid var(--modern-dark);\n padding: 25px;\n max-width: 900px;\n margin: 0 auto 40px auto;\n box-shadow: 10px 10px 0px white;\n font-weight: bold;\n position: relative;\n }\n\n .virgilio-card::before {\n content: \"GU\u00cdA\";\n position: absolute;\n top: -20px;\n left: 20px;\n background: var(--modern-dark);\n color: white;\n padding: 5px 15px;\n font-family: 'Permanent Marker';\n }\n\n .circles-grid {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));\n gap: 30px;\n max-width: 1200px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n }\n\n .circle-panel {\n background: white;\n border: 5px solid var(--modern-dark);\n box-shadow: 8px 8px 0px var(--modern-red);\n padding: 20px;\n cursor: pointer;\n transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275);\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n align-items: center;\n position: relative;\n }\n\n .circle-panel:hover {\n transform: scale(1.05) rotate(1deg);\n box-shadow: 15px 15px 0px var(--modern-gold);\n z-index: 10;\n }\n\n .panel-badge {\n position: absolute;\n top: -10px;\n right: -10px;\n background: var(--modern-blue);\n color: white;\n font-family: 'Bangers';\n padding: 5px 15px;\n border: 3px solid white;\n transform: rotate(5deg);\n z-index: 5;\n }\n\n \/* MAGIA CSS: CONTENEDOR DE C\u00d3MIC CON PUNTOS DE IMPRESI\u00d3N *\/\n .comic-avatar-wrapper {\n position: relative;\n width: 180px;\n height: 180px;\n border: 5px solid var(--modern-dark);\n margin-bottom: 15px;\n box-shadow: 5px 5px 0px var(--modern-dark);\n background-color: var(--modern-gold);\n overflow: hidden;\n transform: rotate(-2deg);\n }\n\n .author-avatar {\n width: 100%;\n height: 100%;\n object-fit: cover;\n \/* Filtro de alto contraste y pocos colores para simular dibujo *\/\n filter: contrast(250%) saturate(150%) posterize(4) sepia(30%);\n mix-blend-mode: hard-light;\n }\n\n \/* M\u00e1scara de puntos (Halftone) sobre la imagen *\/\n .comic-avatar-wrapper::after {\n content: '';\n position: absolute;\n top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;\n background-image: \n radial-gradient(circle, #000 20%, transparent 21%),\n radial-gradient(circle, #000 20%, transparent 21%);\n background-size: 8px 8px;\n background-position: 0 0, 4px 4px;\n opacity: 0.35; \n pointer-events: none;\n mix-blend-mode: overlay;\n }\n\n \/* Fin de la magia CSS *\/\n\n .author-name {\n font-family: 'Bangers', cursive;\n font-size: 2.2rem;\n margin: 10px 0;\n color: var(--modern-red);\n text-align: center;\n }\n\n .problem-tag {\n background: #eee;\n padding: 4px 8px;\n font-size: 0.85rem;\n border: 1px solid #ccc;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n font-weight: bold;\n text-align: center;\n }\n\n .modal-overlay {\n display: none;\n position: fixed;\n top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;\n background: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);\n z-index: 2000;\n justify-content: center;\n align-items: center;\n padding: 20px;\n }\n\n .modal-body {\n background: white;\n border: 10px solid var(--modern-dark);\n max-width: 850px;\n width: 100%;\n padding: 40px;\n position: relative;\n max-height: 90vh;\n overflow-y: auto;\n box-shadow: 20px 20px 0px var(--modern-red);\n background-image: radial-gradient(#e6e6e6 15%, transparent 16%);\n background-size: 15px 15px;\n }\n\n .close-comic {\n position: absolute;\n top: 10px; right: 10px;\n background: var(--modern-dark);\n color: white;\n width: 40px; height: 40px;\n border-radius: 50%;\n display: flex;\n justify-content: center;\n align-items: center;\n font-family: 'Bangers';\n cursor: pointer;\n font-size: 1.5rem;\n }\n\n .speech-bubble {\n background: #fff;\n border: 4px solid #000;\n border-radius: 30px;\n padding: 20px;\n position: relative;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n font-style: italic;\n font-size: 1.3rem;\n line-height: 1.2;\n box-shadow: 5px 5px 0px var(--modern-gold);\n }\n\n .speech-bubble::after {\n content: '';\n position: absolute;\n bottom: -20px;\n left: 50px;\n border-width: 20px 20px 0 0;\n border-style: solid;\n border-color: #000 transparent transparent transparent;\n }\n\n .links-bar {\n display: flex;\n gap: 10px;\n margin-top: 20px;\n border-top: 4px solid var(--modern-dark);\n padding-top: 20px;\n }\n\n .btn-comic {\n flex: 1;\n background: var(--modern-blue);\n color: white;\n text-align: center;\n padding: 12px;\n text-decoration: none;\n font-family: 'Bangers';\n font-size: 1.2rem;\n border: 3px solid var(--modern-dark);\n text-transform: uppercase;\n }\n\n .btn-comic:hover {\n background: var(--modern-gold);\n color: var(--modern-dark);\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n <div class=\"header-comic\">\n <h1>INFERNO MODERNO<\/h1>\n <h2 style=\"font-family: 'Permanent Marker'; color: var(--modern-gold); font-size: 1.8rem;\">G\u00e9nesis y Soluciones de la Raz\u00f3n<\/h2>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"virgilio-card\">\n <h3>\ud83d\udcd6 GU\u00cdA: Jos\u00e9 Ferrater Mora (El Diccionario)<\/h3>\n <p>\u00abEntrad, buscadores de la Verdad. En este Diccionario he registrado el nacimiento de la Modernidad: ese momento donde la ‘Sustancia’ dej\u00f3 de ser un dogma divino para convertirse en un problema de la Raz\u00f3n. Desde el telescopio de Galileo hasta la Dial\u00e9ctica de Hegel, aqu\u00ed ver\u00e9is c\u00f3mo el esp\u00edritu humano intent\u00f3 resolver el caos tras la ca\u00edda de la Escol\u00e1stica. \u00a1Cuidado con el Escepticismo, es el pantano donde muchos se hunden!\u00bb<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"circles-grid\" id=\"main-grid-mod\"><\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"modal-overlay\" id=\"modal-mod\">\n <div class=\"modal-body\">\n <div class=\"close-comic\" onclick=\"closeModalMod()\">X<\/div>\n <div style=\"display: flex; gap: 20px; align-items: start; flex-wrap: wrap;\">\n \n \n <div class=\"comic-avatar-wrapper\" style=\"width: 220px; height: 220px; transform: rotate(0deg);\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" id=\"mm-img\" src=\"\" class=\"author-avatar\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" style=\"margin:0; border:none; box-shadow:none;\">\n <\/div>\n\n <div style=\"flex: 1; min-width: 300px; background: white; padding: 15px; border: 3px solid black;\">\n <h2 id=\"mm-title\" class=\"author-name\" style=\"text-align: left; margin-top: 0; font-size: 3rem;\"><\/h2>\n <h4 id=\"mm-circle\" style=\"color: var(--modern-blue); font-family: 'Permanent Marker'; font-size: 1.5rem; margin: 0 0 15px 0;\"><\/h4>\n <div class=\"speech-bubble\" id=\"mm-speech\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div id=\"mm-content\" style=\"margin-top: 20px; font-size: 1.2rem; border-top: 4px dashed #000; padding-top: 20px; font-weight: bold; background: white; padding: 20px; border: 3px solid black;\"><\/div>\n <div class=\"links-bar\">\n <a id=\"mm-wiki\" href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"btn-comic\">\ud83d\udcd6 WIKIPEDIA<\/a>\n <a id=\"mm-source\" href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"btn-comic\">\ud83c\udf93 ACADEMIA \/ ATENAS<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <script>\n const circlesMod = [\n {\n num: \"I\",\n name: \"Galileo Galilei\",\n circle: \"C\u00edrculo 1: El G\u00e9nesis Cient\u00edfico\",\n img: \"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d4\/Justus_Sustermans_-_Portrait_of_Galileo_Galilei%2C_1636.jpg\",\n speech: \"\u00a1Eppur si muove! La naturaleza est\u00e1 escrita en lenguaje matem\u00e1tico. El problema no es la fe, es la medida.\",\n problem: \"Crisis del Geocentrismo\",\n solution: \"M\u00e9todo Experimental \/ Telescopio\",\n desc: \"Galileo rompe el cristal de las esferas celestes. Seg\u00fan Ferrater Mora, aqu\u00ed nace la 'Ciencia Moderna' al separar las cualidades primarias (matematizables) de las secundarias.\",\n wiki: \"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galileo_Galilei\",\n source: \"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/atenas\/\"\n },\n {\n num: \"II\",\n name: \"Ren\u00e9 Descartes\",\n circle: \"C\u00edrculo 2: El Abismo de la Duda\",\n img: \"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/73\/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg\",\n speech: \"Dudo de todo para encontrar lo indudable. Cogito ergo sum. Soy una cosa que piensa.\",\n problem: \"Incerteza radical \/ Genio Maligno\",\n solution: \"El M\u00e9todo Racionalista \/ El Sujeto\",\n desc: \"Descartes funda el 'Yo' moderno. Ferrater Mora destaca su concepto de 'Sustancia' (Extensa y Pensante), resolviendo el caos medieval con la claridad y distinci\u00f3n.\",\n wiki: \"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes\",\n source: \"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/descartes\/\"\n },\n {\n num: \"III\",\n name: \"Baruch Spinoza\",\n circle: \"C\u00edrculo 3: La Sustancia \u00danica\",\n img: \"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/ea\/Spinoza.jpg\",\n speech: \"Deus sive Natura. No hay dos mundos, solo una Sustancia con infinitos atributos.\",\n problem: \"Dualismo mente-cuerpo\",\n solution: \"Monismo \/ Geometr\u00eda de los afectos\",\n desc: \"Spinoza resuelve el abismo de Descartes unificando a Dios con la Naturaleza. Un sistema determinista donde la libertad es comprender la necesidad.\",\n wiki: \"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baruch_Spinoza\",\n source: \"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/spinoza\/\"\n },\n {\n num: \"IV\",\n name: \"G. W. Leibniz\",\n circle: \"C\u00edrculo 4: Las M\u00f3nadas\",\n img: \"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6a\/Gottfried_Wilhelm_von_Leibniz.jpg\",\n speech: \"Vivimos en el mejor de los mundos posibles. Cada m\u00f3nada refleja el universo entero.\",\n problem: \"Composici\u00f3n de la materia \/ Armon\u00eda\",\n solution: \"C\u00e1lculo Infinitesimal \/ L\u00f3gica Combinatoria\",\n desc: \"El genio que invent\u00f3 el c\u00e1lculo. Su soluci\u00f3n al problema de la sustancia son \u00e1tomos espirituales sin ventanas, coordinados por Dios.\",\n wiki: \"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gottfried_Leibniz\",\n source: \"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/atenas\/\"\n },\n {\n num: \"V\",\n name: \"John Locke\",\n circle: \"C\u00edrculo 5: La Tabula Rasa\",\n img: \"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d1\/JohnLocke.png\",\n speech: \"Nada hay en el intelecto que no haya pasado antes por los sentidos. Somos una pizarra en blanco.\",\n problem: \"Origen de las ideas \/ Innatismo\",\n solution: \"Empirismo \/ Tolerancia Pol\u00edtica\",\n desc: \"Locke baja la filosof\u00eda a la tierra. Su soluci\u00f3n al conocimiento es la experiencia acumulada. Ferrater Mora lo cita como base del liberalismo moderno.\",\n wiki: \"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Locke\",\n source: \"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/locke\/\"\n },\n {\n num: \"VI\",\n name: \"David Hume\",\n circle: \"C\u00edrculo 6: El Pantano Esc\u00e9ptico\",\n img: \"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/ea\/David_Hume.jpg\",\n speech: \"La causalidad es solo un h\u00e1bito de la mente. No podemos conocer la sustancia.\",\n problem: \"Inducci\u00f3n \/ Metaf\u00edsica vac\u00eda\",\n solution: \"Escepticismo Mitigado \/ Naturalismo\",\n desc: \"El 'despertador' de Kant. 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En este Diccionario he registrado el nacimiento de la Modernidad: ese momento donde la ‘Sustancia’ dej\u00f3 de ser un dogma divino para convertirse en un problema de la Raz\u00f3n. Desde el telescopio […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":527,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-806","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/806","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=806"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/806\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":811,"href":"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/806\/revisions\/811"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/527"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/elprofebernardo.cl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=806"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}